Social risk
This type of risk characterizes the level of social instability in the region. The following facts illustrate the situation in the social sector in 2007:
• the economically active population made 1 563,9 thousand people or 54,1 % from the total population of the Krai;
• number of officially registered unemployment at the end of the year was 2,5 % of the economically active people;
• every 4 th citizen of the Krasnoyarsk Krai has reach the age retirement.
The regional level of unemployment is higher than Russian average level since 1995. The Krasnoyarsk Krai ranks the 25th in the rating of the social risky Russian regions.
Financial and economic risks
Financial and economic risks characterize negative changes in economic development of the region, current economic situation as a whole, in modes of financial-credit activity and a level of legislative creativity. According to the information of rating agency “Expert RA” the Krasnoyarsk Krai has a rank 39 of the financial component of investment risk, economical rank of investment risk — 55. The financial rank of investment potential of the Krasnoyarsk Krai equals 9. Financial and economic risk depends on the following factors:
• changes in demographic situation;
• changes in business activity;
• changes in the level and structure of income of the population;
• changes in the structure of investments and credit expansion.
The analysis of showings describing reproductive processes testifies that in 2007 in the Krasnoyarsk Krai were observed more favorable showings in comparison with the average Russian level:
• higher birth rate — 11,8 children per 1 000 inhabitants in comparison with 11,3 on the average in Russia;
• lower deaths rate of the population — 13,3 persons per 1000 inhabitants in comparison with 14,7 persons in Russia;
• lower natural decline in population –2,9 persons per 1 000 inhabitants in comparison with –3,4 persons per 1 000 inhabitants in Russia).
Structure of the population employed in various types of economic activities in the Krasnoyarsk Krai in 2007 (thousand persons)
Prevailing part of the population — 62,8 % of an aggregate number borrowed — are workers of large and average enterprises (893,3 thousand persons).
Number of unprofitable enterprises of the basic kinds of economic activities — 29,1 %. In general, financial risk is increasing for two main reasons:
Criminal risk
In 2007 the number of registered crimes on 100 thousand persons decreased by 6,4 % as against 2006 and came to 3 162,6 units.
The number of registered economic crimes in the Krasnoyarsk Krai in January, 2007 (in % to 2006)
The Krai ranks the 68th in the rating of the criminal risk Russian regions.
Ecological risk
The aim of the regional poliсy in the sphere of using natural resources is protection and restoration of natural resources, recovery of natural potential, it’s rational using, creation the optimal conditions for life activity of people. Providing the environmental safety of the population as well as preserving of the environment in industrial centers are absolute priorities of the ecological policy of the Government of the Krasnoyarsk Krai. Positive results in the improvement of ecological situation in the Krai were reached during last years. The industrial objects of large industrial centers of the Krasnoyarsk Krai bring in the main contribution in the ambient air pollution. The main part of pollution is in follows cities: Norilsk,Krasnoyarsk, Achinsk.
The dynamic of changing the indexes of the environment pollution in the Krai
| 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | |
| Emissions in the atmosphere, mln tons |
2,7 |
2,7 |
2,7 |
| Injection of waste water, mln cub. meters |
2424 |
2423 |
2425 |
| Placing of waste products, mln cub. meters |
177,2 |
191,3 |
201,3 |
An result of ambient air protection actions since 2005 it was succeeded to stabilize the volume of emissions in the atmosphere (2,7 million tons).
In consequence of expansion the production capacity of enterprises in the Krai it is occurs increasing in the injection of waste water, however, it is possible to hold this index at the same level because of the launching of the recycling water supply system, power supply programs.
Increasing of placing of waste products indexes occurred at the expense of mining operations, production volume metallurgical, energy, oil-processing industry growing as well as forming of waste products in housing and communal services.
Atmospheric air
Annually in the structure of industrial aerosols and gases it is forming up to 12,0 mln. tons of polluting substances in the Krai. At present time in the gas cleaning equipment it is keeping 79 % of generated mass of polluting substances.
With the aim of the reducing of the ambient air pollution it is caring out the works with enterprises on development and launching the measures which are attracted at increasing the effectiveness of gas-cleaning installations.
With the aim of the reducing of the sulfur dioxide emissions in “MMC “Norilsk Nickel” JSC large-scale work is caring out on reconstruction and modernization of technological processes.
There are 6 “dry” gas-cleaning installations were submitted in “RUSAL — Krasnoyarsk” JSC. Systematic nature preservation actions and engineering process modernization decreased gross emission by 4,8 tons in 2007. With the aim of the reducing of ecological risk the enterprises of the Krai launching the systems of ecological management ISO 14001:2004. This system is launched in “MMC “Norilsk Nickel” JSC, “RUSAL — Krasnoyarsk“ JSC and “RUSAL — Achinsk“ JSC. Now it is caring out the preparation for certification ecological management systems on: “Electrochemical plant” FSUE, “Krastsvetmet” JSC and Close Corporation “Polyus”.
The main direction of solving the questions of hard waste placement is organization of its processing. Nuclear environment on the Krasnoyarsk Krai territory except the “Mining-chemical complex” FSUE zone was admitted as successful, within the bottom-land of the
Yenisey, in the framework of “Mining-chemical complex” FSUE zone — satisfactory.
In 2007 there was used 2,7 bln roubles of investments into a fixed capital for environment protection and rational using of mineral resources. That made 2,7 % in the total amount of investments into a fixed capital by large and medium-sized organizations.
More then 90 % of investments into a fixed capital directed to environment protection and rational use of natural resources were used in processing productions.
The share of investments into a fixed capital, directed to environment protection and rational use of water resources consists of 15,2 % (from the total volume of investments into a fixed capital, directed to environment protection). On protection of atmospheric air — 49,4 %, on protection and rational use of the grounds — 31,3 %. Measures taken by the companies to the reduction of development pressure on the environment, allow reducing ecological risks of the region.
The Krai takes the 80th place in the rating of the most ecological risky Russian regions.
Legislative risk
The positive moment in the improvement of the investment climate of the Krasnoyarsk Krai is legislative base of investment activity in the territory of the Krasnoyarsk Krai. Development and acceptance of “The main directions of social and economic development of the Krasnoyarsk Krai on the midterm”, medium-term “Program of social and economic development” and also the beginning of development the program of social and economic development the incorporated Krasnoyarsk Krai on the medium-term and long-term perspective (2007—2017) together with packet of legislative acts of the Krai (55 of them were accepted in 2004) which give advantages to investors, give the opportunity to decrease legislative risk of investing.
The Krai ranks the 52nd in the rating of legislative risky Russian regions (in 2003 it ranked the 65th). Accepted legislative acts give full list of kinds of national support for the investors and enterprisers working in the Krai or being ready to invest it in the economy of the Krai.
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